What is CNC machining?

Computer numerical control (CNC) machining is a type of manufacturing process that uses pre-programmed computer software to control and operate machinery. With this automated machining process, manufacturers across a wide range of industries can streamline production and also ensure precision by minimising human error.

As bespoke wooden handrail manufacturers, we use 5-axis CNC machining technology to bring even the most complex handrail designs to life with absolute accuracy – reducing the risk of project setbacks, unforeseen costs, and poorly finished products. 

Below, we’ll discuss what a CNC machine is, how and why CNC machining is used in our handrail production process, and why our use of state-of-the-art technology makes us the best manufacturer for your commercial or residential project.

How does CNC machining work?

All of the cuts and dimensions needed to shape an object are pre-programmed into the CNC system, so once it’s activated, the machine simply follows the inputted code to complete the manufacturing process without any further input from human workers.

First, to create the instructions for the CNC machine, computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to produce a 3D model of the desired finished product. 

Next, this CAD model is translated to a type of computer code for CNC machining – known as G-code – so it can be used by the CNC system. This code pre-programs the speed and positions of the machine’s blades and tools at each stage of the process, so no further instructions need to be added at any point. 

Once the process is activated, the CNC machine will follow its instructions in repetitive cycles until the object is shaped to the exact specifications of the original CAD model.

CNC machining systems can be open-loop or closed-loop. In an open-loop system, the signalling runs one-way from the CNC controller to the motor. However, in a closed-loop system, signalling can also run the other direction to allow the controller to receive feedback. This means that corrections and adjustments can be made to position and velocity if needed.

5-axis CNC machining

You’ll often see references to ‘axes’ in CNC machining. CNC woodworking machines have at least 3 axes that they operate from, creating an XYZ plane to cover vertical, horizontal and depth axes. 

When a machine has more than 3 axes, this means that it also operates on rotational axes. For example, a 5-axis CNC machine also operates on the A axis (rotation around X) and B axis (rotation around Y). This allows it to work to much greater detail and accuracy than a 3-axis machine, making it suitable for more intricate and complex designs. 

Here at Handrail Creations, we use this method to shape our wooden handrails from 5 different directions at once, allowing for the greatest level of precision. With our use of this state-of-the-art technology, even the most complex bespoke handrail designs can be accurately and efficiently brought to life.

How is CNC machining used in handrail production?

When handrails and other staircase parts need to be manufactured to exact specifications to fit tight tolerances, CNC machining (and particularly the 5-axis method) is the best choice. This method is used for both wooden and metal handrails to shape the finished product according to the precise dimensions and shapes specified in the original CAD model. 

Whether you need a standard handrail shape or you have a complex custom design in mind, CNC machining will ensure the exact model is brought to life to satisfy both your artistic vision and the need to stick to specific dimensions for error-free installation. 

CNC machining services allow us to achieve tolerances of less than 0.1mm in the fraction of the time it would take a professional to hand-carve the same part, so it’s clear to see why this process has become the gold-standard.

However, for clients that do insist on traditional techniques – particularly for heritage work in listed buildings – we can combine this modern approach with traditional hand-carving techniques to add finishing touches to machined parts. This allows us to reap the benefits of the machine’s accuracy for handrail installation without abandoning traditional craftsmanship for the final details. For example, we hand-carved the mahogany handrail below with floral details for a unique human touch:

Benefits of using CNC machining for wooden handrails

Why use CNC machining services instead of relying on traditional methods for the entire production process? Here’s why 5-axis CNC machining is the future of handrail and staircase manufacturing:

1. Accuracy

As mentioned above, our 5-axis CNC machining process enables us to achieve tolerances of less than 0.1mm, which means that the exact dimensions specified in the original CAD model can be reliably and accurately brought to life. 

In processes like staircase and handrail production where components are produced separately and then fitted together, precision is absolutely essential to ensure that parts will fit together perfectly the first time – with no need for further adjustments to correct poorly fitting components.

2. Efficiency

CNC machining produces finished parts in a fraction of the time it would take even a seasoned professional to achieve the same result, greatly improving overall efficiency and reducing lead times on all projects. Plus, with no need to add further instructions or adjust tools during the process, labour time can be drastically reduced. 

3. Straightforward installation

When parts are produced to exact specifications, this streamlines the installation process. Here at Handrail Creations, we’re able to assemble our handrail and staircase components on-site for easier delivery thanks to the precision of CNC machining. 

We’re confident that all of our components are produced to the exact dimensions required, so all that’s left to do on-site is easily slot adjacent parts together for a strong, safe, well-aligned and professional-looking fit. 

4. Cost-effectiveness

By reducing the need for costly adjustments and revisions, CNC machining can increase the cost-efficiency of your residential or commercial handrail project. 

In addition to reducing time wastage, this process reduces material wastage thanks to its controlled cutting paths, further increasing the cost-effectiveness of your project from start to finish.

5. Greater customisation

The precision and efficiency of CNC machining mean that a much higher level of customisation, intricacy and detail can be achieved within a short period of time. 

Therefore, 5-axis CNC machining is the perfect fit even for the most complex of handrail designs. Whether you need curved volutes, square-shaped newel posts, intricately carved spindles, or any other type of bespoke handrail component, this can be achieved using this state-of-the-art process.

Plus, once the part is produced through CNC machining, it can be finished by hand to create your desired visual effect. We can hand-carve, sand, polish and paint your machined handrail components to complement any interior design style, whether you prefer modern, traditional, minimalistic or quirky staircase features. 

Do you have a wooden handrail design in mind? Choose Handrail Creations to bring your exact vision into reality with the power of CAD software, 5-axis CNC machining, and expert hand carving. 

As market leaders in CNC handrail manufacturing and installation, we have the experience, expertise, and attention to detail needed to handle your residential or commercial project from start to finish. Get in touch today to learn more about our CNC services or arrange a consultation.